Building wall



R. THOMSON BUILDING WALL Filed June 16. 1923 z'sheets-sheez 1 1 Pi 2. ZZZ/ 91? 0/- g 1?? 0 so Se t. 23 1924.

1,509,794 R. THOMSON BUILDING WALL Filed Ju ne 16. 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Sept. 23, 1924.

UNITED STATES Roxanna THOMSON, or LONDON, ENGLAND.

BUILDING WALL.

Application filed June 16, 1828. Serial No. 645,814.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, ROBERT THOMSON, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Buildconsumption of which our dwellings are at present one of the main promoting causes. Such walling which would also efliciently protect from damp the ends of the floor joists carried by it is so bonded, that floor and roof load stresses are automatically distributed evenly over its entire thickness and is so constructed that its strength is that of solid walling.

Walling according to the invention, which may be built of bricks and/or blocks or slabs or other form of any suitable material, comprises two leaves, which alternately bond into each other, and a waterproof sheeting of heat insulating material sandwiched between said leaves, the upright meeting faces of which leaves are spaced apart with the sheeting occupying an intermediate position between them, so that two parallel sets of closed air spaces, which form a staggered vertical series of parallel heat insulating' chambers, are thereby created within the wall in which the sheeting, besides conserving heat, serves also as an impermeable barrier that effectively prevents the passage of damp.

Since the sheeting is so completely waterproof that damp cannot pass through it the inner leaf of the wall and the air in its inner set of air spaces are both kept dry, and as both air and walling have, when dry, about 50 or cent greater heat conserving efliciency tlian when damp, and as the sheeting itself besides being damp-proof is also a good non-conductor of heat, these three factorsthe dry inner leaf of the wall, the

dry still air in its inner set of air spaces and the damp proof sheeting-form a triple heat insulatlng system which, because of the dryness it ensures, is of quite exceptional efliciency in preventing the passage of heat through the wall, thereby 1n dwellings built with suc walhng the tendency which without such insulation the walling would have to condense moisture 0 its surface within the dwelling.

With such wallin it is possible to construct dwellings which, when properly insulated from their site, contain air which is entirely free from deleterious damp 'such as invariably enters through the walling of practically all existin dwellingsbuilt of or faced with stone, brick or concrete, so that dwellings constructed with the type of walling herein described would with reasonable ventilation be as perfectly health giving and therefore as preventive of consumptlon as any sanatorium erected on the site could be.

In the accompanying drawings;

Fi re 1 is a cross-sectional elevation of one orm of walling according to the invention.

Fi I res 2 and 3 being res ectivel sectiona plans on II-II and II III igure 1 on a smaller scale.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional elevation of another form of walling according to the invention.

Figures 5 and 6 being respectivel sectional plans on V-V and VI-VI igure 4 on a smaller scale.

Figures 7 8, and 9 are cross-sectional elevations of further forms of walling according to the invention.

hroughout the drawings similar reference characters denote corresponding parts.

The form of walling illustrated by Figures 1 to 3 consists of an outer leaf 1 and an inner leaf 2 each of which comprises parallel portions 3 built of several successive courses of bricks of usual size laid on bed stretcherwise with a space 6 between the two leaves so that portions built thus form hollow portions of the wall, and alternating with these hollow portions are, in the outer leaf 1 thinner portions 4 built of bricks the bed width of which is about only half that of the bricks which form the portions 3 of the outer leaf, and in the inner leaf 2 opposite to these thin portions 4 of leaf 1 are greatly reducing portions 5 which are broader than the other portions 3 of the inner leaf 2 and whlch broader portions 5 of leaf 2 extend into the outer leaf 1 at its thin portions 4 so that they serveas cross bonds which securely tie the two leaves of the wall together, a space 7 being left between the upright meeting faces of ortions 4 and 5.

the part of these bonding portions 5 of leaf 2 which extends into leaf 1 is bedded upon the bricks which form the thicker underlying portion 3 of leaf 1 these underlying bricks in portion 3 serve to tie together the portions 4 of leaf 1 and the portions 5 of leaf 2 on their lower bed, and as the bricks in the overlying thicker portions 3 of the outer leaf 1 are in turn bedded upon both the inbonding part of the portions 5 of leaf 2 and upon portions 4 of the outer leaf 1 these overlying bricks serve to tie together on their upper bed the portions 4 and 5 upon which they rest.

In this way the two leaves 1 and 2 are made to bond alternately into each other and are thereby securely tied together thus enabling the floor and other load stresses to be distributed evenly over the entire thickness of the wall.

6 and 7 of the wall and continuing it under the mortar bedding upon which rests the outbonding portions 5 of the inner leaf 2 and over the upper bed of the outbonding por tions under the mortar bedding upon which the lower course of bricks in the overlying portions 3 of leaf 1 are bedded, absolute separation of the two leaves 1. and 2 is thereby obtained-even the mortar beds and joints are brokenwithout however detracting from the stren h of the structure which is that of solid wa ling.

Broad overlaps are provided at all joinings of the sheeting and all horizontal 10inings are made within one or other of the upright spaces 6 or 7, preferably 7, with the lower portion of the upper sheeting always occupying the outer position so as to make the entrance of damp impossible.

The sheeting 8 not only forms a dampproof barrier but it divides the air gaps 6 and 7 so that two upright parallel air spaces 6', 6" and 7', 7" are thereby formed between the upright meeting faces of the two leaves 1 and 2. The air in the outer of these spaces 6, 7 will certainly be nearly always damp, but the air in the inner spaces 6",

7 will be dry and will therefore not only better insulate the inner leaf 2- against the passage of heat, but by protecting it from access of damp will increase its heat insulating properties by about 50 per cent over that which is obtainable in the case of the innfir leaf of the ordinary type of cavity wa As the gaps 6 and 7 are in different lanes a staggered vertical series of paralle heat insulating air chambers is thus created.

In the form of walling shown in Figures 4 to 6, the outer leaf 1 is of bricks' built similarly to that above described but the inner leaf 2 is of concrete built in slabs 9 alternating with concrete bricks or blocks 10. These blocks 10 form the thicker portions 5 of the inner leaf 2 and project into-the outer leaf 1 behind its thin portions 4 and are gripped between the bricks which form the under and overlying portions 3 of leaf 1 a space 7 being left between the upright meetin faces of the thin portions4 of the outer lea 1 and the thick portions 5 of the inner leaf 2.

This construction secures economy as it enables the thickness of the wallto be made to suit'tlie work which the wall has to do. The blocks 10 and slabs 9' which form leaf 2 may be made of clinker concrete or may in some cases be made with aggregate found on the site, since with the superior insulation which the invention provides there is not the same danger of moisture condensing on the exposed surface of the inner leaf 2 as is the case when existing types of walling are used.

An alternative to the form of walling shown in Figures 4 to 6 consists in employing bricks on edge instead of the concrete slabs 9 and bricks on bed instead of the concrete blocks 10 thereby giving an all brick wall of less thickness than the form of all brick walling shown in Figures 1 to 3.

In the form of walling shown in Figure 7 the leaves 1 and 2 are each constructed of concrete slabs 11 and 12 which are of different thicknesses and are built in alternate courses which are only one slab high and so arranged that in the completed wall the thick slabs 11 of one leaf are directly faced by the thin slabs 12 of the other leaf so that the two leaves with the sheeting 8 sandwiched between them bond directly into each other and every thick slab 11 in every intermediate course in both leaves is on both beds throughout its entire length securel held in direct cross bond between four thic slabs 11 of the opposite leaf and a damp-proof and triply insulated solid wall of maximum strength and of exceptionally great heat-conserving efliciency is thereby obtained.

Various forms of bonding brick may be used, for example the bonding brick may have a channel 13 to receive the upper edge 14 of the waterproof sheeting as shown in Figure 8. A bonding brick 16 of waterproof concrete and of an L shaped cross-section is indicated in the lower part of Figure 8. The walling may be built entirely of blocks 15 of rhomboidal cross section as indicated in Figure 9, the blocks of the inner leaf 2 having their wider ends bedded onto the adiacent upper ends of the blocks of both eaves 1 and 2 so as to bond the leaves toether. The blocks of the outer leaf 1 may fie of ballast concrete and those of the inner leaf of clinker concrete.

Inall the forms of walling a staggered series of air spaces enclosing waterproofed sheeting is formed between the leaves.

I claim:

1. Walling which comprises two leaves that are bonded into each other, a staggered vertical series of insulating air spaces between the upright meeting faces of the out and the in bonding portions of said leaves, and an insulating sheeting of waterproofed material interposedbetween said leaves, di-

viding said insulating spaces into two separate parallel sets of insulating air spaces which completely separates from one am other, and which sheeting at the same time also insulates the inner leaf and separates the two leaves of the wall from each other.

2. Walling which comprises two leaves spaced apart, bonding bricks which tie these two leaves together, and waterproofed sheeting in the spaces between the upright meeting faces of said leaves such sheeting extending from these spaces into a space between the outer' upright face of said bonding bricks and the upright meeting face of the adjacent outer bricks of the outer of said leaves.

3. Walling which comprises two leaves built of bricks, the inner leaf having horizontal courses of bonding bricks which at intervals extend into the outer leaf, waterproofed sheeting between said leaves said sheeting being continued around the portion of the bonding bricks which enters into the outer leaf and bonds with the bricks thereof and thereby ties the two leaves together.

4. Walling which comprises two leaves built of bricks both leaves having parallel portions the meeting faces of which are spaced apart and alternating therewith, horizontal bonding portions in which bonding bricks of the inner leaf extend into the outer leaf the upright meeting faces of these bricks and the bricks in the outer leaf also being spaced apart and waterproofed sheeting in both sets of said spaces substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

' In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

' ROBERT THOMSON. 

